ACR205

A Concurrent Resolution proposing to amend Article IV, Section III, paragraphs 1 and 2 of the Constitution of the State of New Jersey.

Be It Resolved by the General Assembly of the State of New Jersey (the Senate concurring):

1. The following proposed amendment to the Constitution of the State of New Jersey is hereby agreed to:

PROPOSED AMENDMENT

Amend Article IV, Section III, paragraphs 1 and 2 to read as follows:

1. After the next and every subsequent decennial census of the United States, the Senate districts and Assembly districts shall be established, and the senators and members of the General Assembly shall be apportioned among them, by an Apportionment Commission consisting of [ten] 13 members [, five to be] . Twelve of the members shall be appointed as follows: two members, at least one of whom shall be a member of the public,appointed by [the] each chairman of the State committee of each of the two major political parties whose candidates for Governor receive the largest number of votes at the most recent gubernatorial election ; two membersappointed by the President of the Senate, at least one of whom shall be a member of the Legislature; two membersappointed by the Speaker of the General Assembly, at least one of whom shall be a member of the Legislature; two members appointed by the Minority Leader of the Senate, at least one of whom shall be a member of the Legislature; and two members appointed by the Minority Leader of the General Assembly, at least one of whom shall be a member of the Legislature. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey shall appoint the 13th member of the Commission. Each [State chairman] person, in making such appointments, shall give due consideration to the representation of the various geographical areas of the State and to ethnic, gender, and racial diversity. [Appointments] No member of the Commission shall be a governmental affairs agent, as shall be provided by law. All appointments to the Commission shall be made on or before November 15 of the year in which such census is taken and shall be certified by the Secretary of State on or before December 1 of that year. [The Commission, by a majority of the whole number of its members, shall certify the establishment of Senate and Assembly districts and the apportionment of senators and members of the General Assembly to the Secretary of State within one month of the receipt by the Governor of the official decennial census of the United States for New Jersey, or on or before February 1 of the year following the year in which the census is taken, whichever date is later.]

(cf: Art. IV, Sec. III, par. 1; amended effective December 8, 1966)

2. [If the Apportionment Commission fails so to certify such establishment and apportionment to the Secretary of State on or before the date fixed or if prior thereto it determines that it will be unable so to do, it shall so certify to the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey and he shall appoint an eleventh member of the Commission.] a. The Commission so constituted, by a majority of the whole number of its members, shall at a public meeting, within [one month] two months after the [appointment of such eleventh member] receipt by the Governor of the official decennial census of the United States for New Jersey, certify to the Secretary of State the establishment of Senate and Assembly districts and the apportionment of members of the Senate and members of the General Assembly.

b. Within the two-month period following the receipt by the Governor of the official decennial census of the United States for New Jersey, the Commission shall hold at least three public hearings in different parts of the State at times and locations convenient to the public. The Commission shall establish a website, to be administered by the Office of Legislative Services, or its successor, starting on January 1 of the year following the year in which the census is taken. By January 1, the website shall describe, in plain language, the process of the Commission; provide the total votes received in each municipality by candidates in all Statewide general elections in the preceding decade for the offices of United States President, United States Senator, and Governor; and provide a process for members of the public to submit written plans for the establishment of legislative districts and more general comments to the Commission. The website shall also provide access to the transcripts and recordings of the public hearings and the materials submitted to the Commission, and provide such other information as the Commission deems appropriate. The Commission shall provide the public with at least 48 hours’ notice on the website of the public meeting of the Commission at which a plan is certified to establish legislative districts, including with the notice the final proposed plan of legislative districts produced by each political party, and shall provide the public an opportunity to comment at the public meeting.

c. The Commission shall only certify a plan to establish legislative districts that ensures fair representation such that each of the two major political parties has an equal number of districts more favorable to that party. A district shall be more favorable to a political party if the percentage of the combined two-major-party votes received in that district in all Statewide general elections by that party over the preceding decade for the offices of United States President, United States Senator, and Governor exceeds the Statewide percentage of the combined two-major-party votes that party received in those elections. A major political party’s percentage of the combined two-major-party votes shall be calculated by dividing the number of votes received by that political party by the combined total number of votes received by the two major political parties.

d. The Commission shall only certify a plan to establish legislative districts that enhances competitiveness by ensuring that at least 25 percent of all districts are more favorable to either major political party by no more than five percentage points of the average Statewide percentage of the combined two-major-party votes received in all Statewide general elections by that party over the preceding decade for the offices of United States President, United States Senator, and Governor. For each such district included in the foregoing in which the percentage of the combined two-major-party votes for a major political party exceeds that party’s percentage of the combined two-major-party votes in those Statewide elections, there shall be a corresponding district in which that party’s percentage of the combined two-major-party votes is less than the other major party’s percentage of the combined two-major-party votes in the Statewide elections by approximately the same percentage. A major political party’s percentage of the combined two-major-party votes shall be calculated by dividing the number of votes received by that political party by the combined total number of votes received by the two major political parties.

e. The Commission, in all circumstances, shall only certify a plan in which all districts comply with federal law, including but not limited to any requirements on population deviation and of the Voting Rights Act or any successor act, all districts are comprised of contiguous territory, and all districts comply with the limitations on division of municipalities set forth in Article IV, Section II, paragraph 3 of this Constitution.

f. The Commission shall only certify a plan that best preserves communities of interest within the same district. A community of interest shall mean a geographically contiguous population sharing common interests relevant to the legislative process such as trade areas, communication and transportation networks, media markets, or social, cultural, or economic interests.

(cf: Art. IV, Sec. III, par. 2; amended effective December 8, 1966)

2. When this proposed amendment to the Constitution is finally agreed to pursuant to Article IX, paragraph 1 of the Constitution, it shall be submitted to the people at the next general election occurring more than three months after the final agreement and shall be published at least once in at least one newspaper of each county designated by the President of the Senate, the Speaker of the General Assembly and the Secretary of State, not less than three months prior to the general election.

3. This proposed amendment to the Constitution shall be submitted to the people at that election in the following manner and form:

There shall be printed on each official ballot to be used at the general election, the following:

a. In every municipality in which voting machines are not used, a legend which shall immediately precede the question as follows:

If you favor the proposition printed below make a cross (X), plus (+), or check (a) in the square opposite the word "Yes." If you are opposed thereto make a cross (X), plus (+) or check (a) in the square opposite the word "No."

b. In every municipality the following question:

CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT REQUIRING STANDARDS AND A PUBLIC PROCESS IN ESTABLISHING LEGISLATIVE DISTRICTS

YES

Do you approve changing the Constitution to change the membership of the Apportionment Commission, require public hearings, and set standards for the way it creates legislative districts?

Do you approve adding to the commission an independent member at the beginning of the process, and changing who appoints some of the members?

Do you approve requiring that at least two members of the public serve on the commission?

Do you approve requiring that at least four legislators serve on the commission?

Do you approve barring governmental affairs agents from serving on the commission?

Do you approve requiring the commission to provide information to and take comments from the public? The amendment would also require the commission to hold at least three public hearings.

Do you approve requiring the commission to establish districts that fairly represent voter party preferences in Presidential, United States Senate, and gubernatorial elections in the previous 10 years and to require at least one quarter of those districts to be within five percent of the party average of Statewide election results? This amendment would also require that the commission only certify a plan that best preserves communities of interest within the same district.

INTERPRETIVE STATEMENT

Districts for the New Jersey Legislature are established by the Apportionment Commission every 10 years after the federal national census is taken. This ensures that each district has approximately the same number of people.

This amendment to the Constitution would increase from 10 to 13 the number of members of the commission required to be appointed. The amendment would require an independent member of the commission to be appointed from the start of the process by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. This amendment would require each of the leaders of both major parties in the Senate and General Assembly to appoint two members, at least one of whom will be a legislator. Presently, all the members are appointed by the chairs of the two major political parties. Under this amendment, each chair would appoint two members, at least one of whom will be a member of the public. This will result in at least two members of the public serving on the commission.

The members of the commission would be appointed with regard to ethnic, gender, and racial diversity, as well as geographical diversity which is already required. The amendment would prohibit a governmental affairs agent from serving as a member of the commission.

This amendment would require the commission to hold at least three public hearings in different parts of the State. The commission would also be required to provide information to the public, and accept district plans and comments from the public.

This amendment would require the commission to vote to establish the legislative districts at a public meeting. The commission would be required to take comments from the public at that meeting.

This amendment would require the commission to establish districts that fairly represent voter party preferences in Presidential, United States Senate, and gubernatorial elections over the previous 10 years and enhance competitiveness by requiring at least one quarter of those districts to be within five percent of the Statewide average in those elections. The amendment would also require that the commission only certify a plan that best preserves communities of interest within districts.

This amendment would require districts to comply with federal law and be comprised of contiguous territory. This amendment requires the districts to follow the limit on dividing municipalities already set forth in the Constitution.

STATEMENT

This proposed constitutional amendment would increase the membership of the Legislative Apportionment Commission and impose certain requirements on the process and composition of the districts established by the commission for the New Jersey Legislature. Every ten years after the federal national census, the commission uses information from the census to establish new legislative districts. The commission does this to ensure that each district has approximately the same number of people.

This constitutional amendment would increase the number of members of the commission from 10 to 13 members. Currently, the chairs of the State Committees of the two major political parties each appoint five members to the commission, and an 11th independent member is appointed by the Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court if the commission cannot complete its work. This constitutional amendment would require the chairs of both State Committees to each appoint two members to the commission. At least one of each of those appointments will be a member of the public. This would result in at least two members of the public serving on the commission. The amendment would also require the four legislative leaders from both major political parties to each appoint two members. At least one of each of those appointments will be a member of the Legislature, providing that at least four members of the Legislature will serve on the commission. The legislative leaders are the President of the Senate, the Speaker of the General Assembly, the Minority Leader of the Senate, and the Minority Leader of the General Assembly. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey would appoint the 13th member at the beginning of the process. Members would be appointed with due consideration to geographic, ethnic, gender, and racial diversity, and governmental affairs agents would not be permitted to serve on the commission.

Within that two-month period, the commission would be required to hold at least three public hearings, in different parts of the State and at times and locations convenient to the public. The commission would establish a website, to be administered by the Office of Legislative Services, a nonpartisan State agency, to inform the public about the commission’s work. This website would also allow members of the public to submit plans and comments. The commission would be required to provide at least 48 hours’ notice of the public meeting at which a plan is certified to establish legislative districts, including notice of the final proposed plan of legislative districts produced by each political party. The commission would be required to certify the new legislative districts at a public meeting. The public would be given an opportunity to comment.

The commission would be required to certify a plan establishing legislative districts that ensures fair representation. This means that each of the two major political parties is required to have an equal number of districts more favorable to that party, utilizing standards for fair representation originally established by Dr. Donald E. Stokes when he served as the independent member of the commission in both 1981 and 1991. Dr. Stokes described these standards in “Legislative Redistricting by the New Jersey Plan,” published in 1993 by the Fund for New Jersey. A district would be more favorable to a political party if the percentage of the combined two-major-party votes received in that district in all Statewide general elections by that party over the last 10 years for the offices of United States President, United States Senator, and Governor exceeds the Statewide percentage of the combined two-major-party votes received by that party in those elections. A major political party’s percentage of the combined two-major-party votes will be calculated by dividing the number of votes received by that political party by the combined total number of votes received by the two major political parties.

The commission would be required to certify a plan to establish legislative districts that enhances the competitiveness by ensuring that at least 25 percent all districts are more favorable to either major political party by no more than five percentage points of the average Statewide percentage of the combined two-major-party votes received in all Statewide general elections by that party over the preceding decade for the offices of United States President, United States Senator, and Governor. Of those districts included therein, for each district in which the percentage of the combined two-major-party votes for a party exceeds that party’s percentage of the combined two-major-party votes in those Statewide elections, there will be a corresponding district in which that party’s percentage of the combined votes is less than the other major party’s percentage of the combined votes in the Statewide elections by approximately the same percentage.

Under the resolution, all districts must comply with federal law, in all circumstances, including but not limited to the requirements on population deviation and of the Voting Rights Act or any successor act, and be comprised of contiguous territory. Districts are required to meet the limitations on the division of municipalities as already set forth in Article IV, Section II, paragraph 3 of the New Jersey Constitution. The commission may only certify a plan that best preserves communities of interest within the same district.